Crosswalk Lighting

Crosswalk Lighting for RRFBs

The number of pedestrian fatalities in North America has risen sharply in the past few years. According to the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA), 6,590 pedestrians in the United States were killed in traffic incidents in 2019, the highest number in more than 30 years.

Though there are many reasons for crashes involving pedestrians (cellphones, alcohol, excessive speed), numerous studies have found that inadequate lighting at or near crosswalks presents a heightened risk to pedestrians crossing the road. The nighttime fatal crash rate on unlit roads is almost twice as high as in well-lit areas, with nighttime crashes accounting for more than 90% of the total increase in pedestrian deaths in the past decade.

Higher Fatalities on Unlit Roads

Crashes that occur on unlit roads are almost twice as likely to be fatal as those that occur on well-lit roads.

Street Lighting Reduces Night Crashes

Adding street lighting can reduce nighttime crash frequency by up to 40% and crash severity by up to 26%.

Image of ideal crosswalk lighting configuration. Image is annotated to highlight the RRFB with lighting placed ahead of the crosswalk as the driver approaches. It also shows ideal fixture height of around 15 feet, depending on crosswalk dimensions.

Crosswalk design considerations

Achieving optimal crosswalk lighting is part science, part design.

Your ideal configuration will depend largely on your specific site, but the goal will always remain the same: to achieve positive contrast of the pedestrian.

Some of the key considerations for optimal crosswalk design are:

  • Pole placement: Ahead of the crosswalk, when possible.
  • Crosswalk width: Wider crosswalks can accommodate higher fixtures.
  • Mounting height: Should be determined according to crosswalk width and length.
  • Fixture optics: Aim for directional, uniform output that shine only when needed.
  • Lumen output: Consider variables like ambient light conditions and power supply.

Why streetlights aren’t enough

Even though many streets and roadways with mid-block crosswalks have streetlights, they are typically mounted too high above the surface of the road and spaced too far apart to properly light pedestrians. Streetlights are designed to serve the needs of motorists in navigating and avoiding obstacles—not to illuminate pedestrians or light entire crosswalk areas.

Only by providing enough concentrated, quality light can a driver discern a crossing pedestrian at a sufficient distance to safely and appropriately react. In other words, you need a purpose-built, pedestrian-level crosswalk light that that maximizes the positive contrast and illuminance of pedestrians on or near the crosswalk.

And that’s exactly what Carmanah’s crosswalk lighting does.

Low-power uniform lighting is here

When installed at an appropriate height, pole placement, and offset distance, crosswalk optics maximize positive contrast of the pedestrian.

The light distribution pictured is dual asymmetric, meaning it is throwing light forward, across the crosswalk, and back towards the crosswalk from opposite leading edges of the crosswalk.​

By putting lighting only where it’s needed, the power required can be reduced by 30-50% while still maintaining the desired positive contrast — a big advantage for solar RRFBs.

Comparing crosswalk lighting fixtures

Crosswalk illuminators are narrow beam floodlights, which sounds great, but they have some unfortunate limitations:​

  • Not designed to achieve positive contrast uniformly​
  • Sensitive to pole position, tilt, angle, and orientation ​
  • House facing light pollution — counter to IES and IDA principles

Carmanah’s crosswalk lighting solves these issues.

Installation complexity and the opportunity for user error are reduced by using a light fixture that does not require tweaking of the angle and orientation.​

Our crosswalk optics ensure uniform positive contrast of the pedestrian so that drivers have time to react, but without bleeding excess light toward homes or pedestrians.

Crosswalk illuminators: less uniform = less safe
Crosswalk lighting: more uniform = more safe
low shot of full rectangular rapid flashing beacon system with overhead street lighting fixture

Crosswalk lighting in Hanover, NH

Since 1975, Dartmouth College’s Thompson Arena has hosted countless hockey practices, games, and celebrations. Game night can draw crowds as large as 3,500, arriving by car, bicycle, and on foot.

While the arena is located on one of the college’s main thoroughfares, there are few streetlights, and the existing crosswalk in front of the arena was difficult to see after dark.

Recognizing the need to improve visibility at this high-traffic crosswalk, the college worked with Carmanah and their local distributor, Coastal Traffic, to add purpose-built, pedestrian-scale lighting. We recommended a solar-powered system that combined both an overhead Type 3 roadway lighting fixture with our popular and highly visible rectangular flashing beacons (RRFBs). Today, the system provides game-goers with a bright, safe place to cross the street both day and night.

Additional resources for crosswalk lighting

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